What is DHEA-S?
DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S) is the most abundant circulating steroid hormone, made almost entirely by the adrenal glands. It is a precursor the body converts into testosterone and estrogen. Levels peak in early adulthood and decline steadily with age, making DHEA-S a marker of adrenal androgen output.
Why it matters
DHEA-S reflects adrenal function and androgen production. High levels in women can contribute to PCOS-type symptoms; very high levels may signal an adrenal tumor. It is often assessed in workups of hair loss, acne, and irregular cycles.
What it measures
Serum DHEA-S concentration, which is stable through the day (unlike cortisol), making a single draw reliable.
Reference & optimal ranges
Reference ranges vary by lab, assay, age, and sex. The ranges below reflect commonly published adult intervals and are for education only always interpret results with the range printed on your own lab report and a clinician.
High DHEA-S reflects excess adrenal androgen production, seen in PCOS, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or adrenal tumors.
Common symptoms
- Acne, oily skin
- Excess facial/body hair (women)
- Irregular periods
- Scalp hair thinning
Potential causes
- PCOS
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Adrenal tumor (very high levels)
- DHEA supplementation
Low DHEA-S is expected with aging and can occur with adrenal insufficiency or long-term steroid use.
Common symptoms
- Often none; may accompany fatigue or low libido
Potential causes
- Aging
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Long-term corticosteroid use
- Pituitary dysfunction
How to improve your DHEA-S
Lifestyle
Manage stress
Chronic stress alters adrenal steroid output.
Nutrition
Balanced whole-food diet
Supports adrenal and metabolic health.
Exercise
Regular moderate exercise
Supports healthy hormone balance.
Sleep
Adequate sleep
Supports adrenal recovery and rhythm.
Frequently asked questions
Scientific references
- DHEA-Sulfate (DHEAS) Test Testing.com
- DHEA Sulfate Test MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Educational information, not medical advice. This page is for general education and does not replace diagnosis or treatment by a licensed clinician. Do not start, stop, or change any medication, supplement, or treatment based on this content. Reference and optimal ranges vary between laboratories interpret your results with the range on your own report and a qualified professional.